Categories: MarsMissionsNASA

Mars 2020 Rover Gets its Helicopter Sidekick

An engineer works on attaching NASA's Mars Helicopter to the belly of the Mars 2020 rover - which has been flipped over for that purpose - on Aug. 27, 2019, at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech.

Work on the Mars 2020 Rover is heating up as the July/August 2020 launch date approaches. Mission engineers just attached the Mars Helicopter to the belly of the rover, where it will make the journey to Mars. Both the solar-powered helicopter and the Mars Helicopter Delivery System are now attached to the rover.

NASA’s Mars Helicopter will be the first aircraft to fly on another planet. The small rotor-craft only weighs 1.8 kg (4 lbs.) and is made of lightweight materials like carbon fiber and aluminum. It’s largely a technology demonstration mission, and is important to NASA. The overall mission for the Mars 2020 rover won’t depend on the helicopter, but NASA hopes to learn a lot about how to proceed with aircraft on future missions by putting the Mars helicopter through its paces on Mars.

NASA is no hurry to deploy the helicopter once the rover lands on Mars in February 2021. The helicopter and the delivery system will ride with the rover after it lands at Jezero Crater. Once they find a suitable place for test flights, the helicopter will be deployed.

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“…we look forward to the day when Mars helicopters can play an important role in future explorations of the Red Planet.”
MiMi Aung, Mars Helicopter Project Manager, JPL.

NASA says that the Mars Helicopter is a high risk technology mission. If it works, and is able to fly as planned, then it will also be a high reward mission. The results will tell NASA a lot about using helicopters, and the generation of helicopters after this one will hopefully add an aerial component to future rover missions. This would open up a lot of scientific and exploration options in the future.

An artist’s illustration of the Mars Helicopter sitting on the Martian surface. Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech

MiMi Aung is the Mars Helicopter Project Manager at JPL. In a press release, Aung said, “Our job is to prove that autonomous, controlled flight can be executed in the extremely thin Martian atmosphere. Since our helicopter is designed as a flight test of experimental technology, it carries no science instruments. But if we prove powered flight on Mars can work, we look forward to the day when Mars helicopters can play an important role in future explorations of the Red Planet.”

Flying in the thin Martian atmosphere will be challenging. Aircraft have to be super light, which the Martian Helicopter is. They’ll also have to be autonomous, since there’s no way to control one directly from such a great distance. But with advances in AI, that obstacle is shrinking.

“Together, Mars 2020 and the Mars Helicopter will help define the future of science and exploration of the Red Planet for decades to come.”
Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator of the Science Mission Directorate at NASA

Small autonomous aircraft could add a lot to a Mars rover mission. They could investigate areas that are out of reach for wheeled vehicles, like caves, cliffs, and deep craters. They could capture detailed images of potential landing sites from their aerial viewpoint. They could act as scouts for the rover they travel with, potentially saving time and energy for the rover. They could also carry small scientific instruments.

And they’ll probably have uses that nobody’s thought of yet, and that technology doesn’t allow yet.

A video of the Mars Helicopter being flight tested. NASA/JPL

Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator of the Science Mission Directorate at NASA, wasn’t wrong when he said, “Together, Mars 2020 and the Mars Helicopter will help define the future of science and exploration of the Red Planet for decades to come.”

“The Wright Brothers flew the first airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, but they built it in Dayton,” said NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine. “The Mars Helicopter, destined to be the first aircraft to fly on another world, was built in Pasadena, California. Joined now to the 2020 rover, it is yet another example of how NASA’s Artemis generation is expanding humanity’s reach in our solar system.”

Jezero Crater is part of the area known as the Syrtis Major Quadrangle. It was once flooded with water and contains a delta full of clays. Studies show that it was full of water for a very long time; long enough for life to emerge and survive, potentially, making it a prime target for the Mars 2020 rover. The false-color image on the right shows minerals minerals that indicate chemical alteration by water. Image Credit: L: NASA/JPL/USGS. R: NASA/JPL/JHU-APL/MSSS/Brown University

The Mars 2020 Rover is scheduled to be launched on an Atlas V 541 rocket from Cape Canaveral. Its overall mission is to search for evidence of habitability in Mars’ ancient past. It’ll also look for evidence of past microbial life. The planned mission duration is one Martian year, or 668 sols.