Astronomers Find a 3 Million Year Old Planet

An artistic interpretation of the IRAS 04125+2902 (TIDYE-1) system. Young stars like this are covered in starspots—regions cooler than the surrounding stellar surface. The inner disk is depleted, leaving an intact outer disk that forms a donut-like structure around the host star. The outer disk is nearly face-on, in contrast to the edge-on planet orbit around the host star. This allows for an unobstructed view of the system. If the disk were also edge-on, it would block the planet and host star, preventing the discovery. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt, K. Miller (Caltech/IPAC)

Astronomers have just found one of the youngest planets ever. At only 3 million years old, planet TIDYE-1b (also known as IRAS 04125+2902 b) is practically in its infancy. By comparison, Earth is 4.5 billion years old: that’s 1500 times older. The discovery of a planet this young can teach scientists a lot about the early stages of planet formation, and the peculiarities of this particular one have scientists re-evaluating their models of planetary birth.

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Axion Dark Matter May Make Spacetime Ring

An image from the Event Horizon Telescope shows lines of polarization, a signature of magnetic fields, around the shadow of the Milky Way's central supermassive black hole. Astronomers want to know how massive black holes like this one formed early in cosmic history. (Credit: EHT Collaboration)
An image from the Event Horizon Telescope shows lines of polarization, a signature of magnetic fields, around the shadow of the Milky Way's central supermassive black hole. Astronomers want to know how massive black holes like this one formed early in cosmic history. (Credit: EHT Collaboration)

Dark matter made out of axions may have the power to make space-time ring like a bell, but only if it is able to steal energy from black holes, according to new research. 

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New Study Suggests Black Holes Get their “Hair” from their Mothers

This artist’s impression of a supermassive black hole and accretion disk, along with a relativistic jet emanating from its poles. Credit & ©: ESO/L. Calçada

Despite decades of study, black holes are still one of the most puzzling objects in the Universe. As we know from Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity, the gravitational force of these stellar remnants alters the curvature of spacetime around them. This causes gas, dust, and even photons (light) in their vicinity to fall inwards and form disks that slowly accrete onto their faces, never to be seen again. However, astronomers have also noted that they can produce powerful jets that accelerate charged particles to close to the speed of light (aka. relativistic jets).

These jets lead to powerful gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), which have been observed with black holes that have powerful magnetic fields. However, where these magnetic fields come from has remained a mystery to astrophysicists for some time. According to new research led by scientists from the Flatiron Institute, the source of these fields may have finally been revealed. Based on a series of simulations they conducted that modeled the life cycle of stars from birth to collapse, they found that black holes inherit their magnetic fields from the parent stars themselves.

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Gaze at New Pictures of the Sun from Solar Orbiter

The Solar Orbiter has captured the highest resolution images of the Sun ever during a recent close encounter. The detail is extraordinary. Image Credit: ESA - European Space Agency

74 million kilometres is a huge distance from which to observe something. But 74 million km isn’t such a big deal when the object is the Sun.

That’s how far away from the Sun the ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter was when it captured these new images.

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Here’s How to Weigh Gigantic Filaments of Dark Matter

Artist concept of how a galaxy might accrete mass from rapid, narrow streams of cold gas. These filaments provide the galaxy with continuous flows of raw material to feed its star-forming at a rather leisurely pace. Credit: ESA–AOES Medialab

How do you weigh one of the largest objects in the entire universe? Very carefully, according to new research.

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Main Sequence and White Dwarf Binaries are Hiding in Plain Sight

This ALMA image shows the binary HD101584. The pair of stars share a common envelope, and are surrounded by complex clouds of gas. Image Credit: By ALMA, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=86644758

Some binary stars are unusual. They contain a main sequence star like our Sun, while the other is a “dead” white dwarf star that left fusion behind and emanates only residual heat. When the main sequence star ages into a red giant, the two stars share a common envelope.

This common envelope phase is a big mystery in astrophysics, and to understand what’s happening, astronomers are building a catalogue of main sequence-white dwarf binaries.

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How Scientists Repurposed a Camera on ESA’s Mars Express Mission

Mars
A full-disk view of Mars, courtesy of VMC. Credit: ESA

A camera aboard the Mars Express orbiter finds a new lease on life.

Sometimes, limitations can lead to innovation. A recent paper highlights how researchers are utilizing the VMC (Visual Monitoring Camera) aboard the European Space Agency’s (ESA) venerable Mars Express orbiter.

The work is a collaboration between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the University of the Basque Country.

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Sun-Like Stars Around Black Holes: What Gives?

Illustration of star remnants after it is shredded by a supermassive black hole. Credit: NASA

Buried in the treasure trove of the Gaia catalog were two strange black hole systems. These were black holes orbiting sun-like stars, a situation that astronomers long thought impossible. Recently a team has proposed a mechanism for creating these kinds of oddballs.

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The Strange Pulsar at the Center of the Crab Nebula

Hubble image of the Crab Nebula supernova remnant captured with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2. Credit: NASA, ESA, J. Hester and A. Loll (ASU)

Thanks to the Hubble Space Telescope, we all have a vivid image of the Crab Nebula emblazoned in our mind’s eyes. It’s the remnant of a supernova explosion Chinese astronomers recorded in 1056. However, the Crab Nebula is more than just a nebula; it’s also a pulsar.

The Crab Pulsar pulsates in an unusual ‘zebra’ pattern, and an astrophysicist at the University of Kansas thinks he’s figured out why.

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