Organic Chemicals Discovered in Titan’s High Atmosphere

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Since the twin Voyager spacecraft flew past Saturn’s moon Titan, Scientists have been excited about what its hazy atmosphere can tell us about the earliest days of our own planet. The Voyagers discovered that Titan’s atmosphere is swirling with hydrocarbons and other complex organic molecules that could be the building blocks of life. The latest findings from NASA’s Cassini spacecraft have uncovered these organic molecules floating higher in Titan’s atmosphere than scientists originally thought possible.

This latest research has been published in the May 11, 2007 edition of the Journal Science. It shows that these organic aerosols, called tholins, have been found in altitudes higher than 1,000 kilometres (620 miles) above the surface of Titan. And these molecules are formed differently than how scientists originally believed.

This inquiry is important because the Titan’s environment is thought to be very similar to the Earth’s early history, before the first life formed. A similar process could have happened here.

Original Source: SwRI News Release

Massive Mountain Range Seen on Titan

Mountain range on Titan. Image credit: NASA/JPL/SSINew images of Titan sent back by NASA’s Cassini spacecraft show a large mountain range, extending about 150 km (93 miles) long. The mountains were seen on Cassini’s most recently flyby on October 25, 2006, where the spacecraft captured the highest resolution infrared views of Saturn’s largest moon. They reach about 1.5 km (almost 1 mile) high, and they’re probably made of icy material, and coated with many layers of organic material.
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The Early Earth’s Atmosphere was Similar to Titan

The thick organic haze that shrouds Titan is similar to what we had here on Earth billions of years ago; an environment that might have helped early life get a foothold. NASA researchers set up several experiments that reproduced the atmosphere in the early Earth and Titan today. The Earth experiments produced tremendous amounts of organic material, which could have been one of the ways life first appeared.
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Twin Lakes on Titan

This incredible photograph taken by NASA’s Cassini spacecraft shows two lakes on the surface of Saturn’s moon Titan, attached by a thin channel. The image was taken during Cassini’s most recent flyby, when it passed by on September 23, 2006. On Earth, they’d be filled with water, but it’s just too cold on Titan; so these lakes contain a mixture of methane and ethane.
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Evidence of Lakes on Titan

NASA’s Cassini spacecraft has found new evidence of hydrocarbon lakes in Titan’s northern latitudes. In a new set of images, the dark patches – thought to be liquid methane or ethane – seem to have channels leading in and out, like rivers. Under Cassini’s radar view, they’re completely black, which means they don’t reflect any radar signals back. This leads scientists to believe they’re very smooth, liquid surfaces.
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