Space and astronomy news
Scientists have known the universe is expanding for over eight decades. During this period, many speculated that gravity would eventually slow and halt the expansion then the universe would probably start to contract. This common view held that the universe repeatedly oscillated between Big Bang and Big Crunch. Then, in the late 1990’s, some scientists …
M63: “The Sunflower Galaxy”. Image credit: N.A. Sharp/NOAO/AURA/NSF. Click to enlarge Greetings, fellow SkyWatchers! It may be raining all over the world, but when the skies do clear there will be plenty to explore as we take a look at bright star systems, distant galaxies, globular clusters and astronomy history. So turn your eyes to …
Continue reading “What’s Up This Week – May 15 – May 21, 2006”
Omega Centauri by Bernd Flach-Wilken and Volker Wendel For thousands of years, we saw ourselves as the focal point of the Universe and the center of all things. Then, in the early 16th century, Copernicus revealed that this was not the case; humanity’s home was a huge globe spinning once every 24 hours circling the …
Continue reading “Astrophoto: Omega Centauri by Bernd Flach-Wilken and Volker Wendel”
Eleven teams competed in two competitions over the weekend to test technologies for space elevators: beam-powered climbers and new ribbon materials. The climbers needed to scale a 61-metre (200 foot) ribbon within a time limit. Although one climber reached 12 metres (40 feet), it wasn’t enough to win the $50,000 prize. In the ribbon competition, competitors needed to create a material that was 50% stronger than the house tether. One team came close, but it wasn’t enough. Tougher challenges will be back next year with bigger prizes.
The Hubble Space Telescope used its Advanced Camera for Surveys to capture this beautiful photograph of the Boomerang Nebula. This cloud of dust and gas has two nearly symmetric cones of material coming out of it. It was created through a process called bipolar outflow, where a dying star ejects material as it spins. It could be that the star is surrounded by a disk of dust, so only the top and bottom material can escape, or a powerful magnetic field is shaping it as it escapes.
After 5 years of construction, the Southern African Large Telescope is now online, and has captured its first images – the beautiful Lagoon Nebula, globular star cluster 47 Tucanae; and NGC6744. The observatory has a massive 10 x 11 metre hexagonal segmented mirror, and state of the art scientific instrumentation. This new observatory provides a good view into the southern skies, which are less covered than the northern hemisphere. More scientific instruments are still being installed, and should be completed within the next few months.
Astronomers have found a core burning star, like our own Sun, that’s only 16% larger than Jupiter; although, it has 96 times as much mass. The observations were made using the European Southern Observatory’s 8.2m VLT Kueyen telescope in Chile. Astronomers watched tracked 60 stars which were known to have a regular dip in brightness, when a dimmer object was passing in front. This survey found 7 of these low mass stars which eclipsed their brighter companion.
Early star formation is a bit of a puzzle for astronomers, since all the stars that we can see formed out of molecular gas and dust, which are produced in stars. How did the first ones form without any gas and dust? One class of galaxies, called Blue Dwarf Galaxies may offer some clues. They contain interstellar clouds which are similar to the material that would have been present in the early Universe. And these galaxies can have active regions of furious star formation. New research from the European Southern Observatory has targeted one of these Blue Dwarfs to try and understand the process better.
Globular star clusters – groupings of millions stars in close formation – are some of the most beautiful objects in the sky. Our own Milky Way has about 200 of them, but astronomers believe we used to have many more. Astronomers think that these star clusters might actually be all that remains from irregular dwarf galaxies were consumed by the Milky Way and had their outer stars stripped away. A team from Harvard and the Carnegie Institute of Washington observed 14 globular clusters in a distant galaxy, and realized that they’re so large, they nearly overlap the size of small galaxies, and have many similar characteristics.
Astronomers have used the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) satellite to detect molecular nitrogen in interstellar space. Nitrogen is common in the Earth’s atmosphere, and believed to be the fifth most abundant chemical in the Universe, but astronomers hadn’t been able to find it in interstellar molecular clouds, where it’s believed to be very common. This discovery should help astronomers better understand the formation of stars and planets out of clouds of dust and gas.